Philosophy skills/prerequisites critical thinking language text analysis reading literacy dictionaries reading books habit novels non-fiction books audiobooks text to speech skimming speed reading trees grammar parts of speech parent/child relationships groups/subtrees references paragraph multi-paragraph discussion/debate representations s-expressions bullet points with nesting linear writing organizing thoughts externalizing ideas sharing math/logic math arithmetic numbers reals integers counting fractions decimals percents ratios number line operators addition subtraction multiplication division exponents roots prime factors arithmetic trees units algebra systems of equations equations variables terms substitution factoring functions graphing coordinate plane sequences mapping geometry logic sets/grouping nesting fallacies deduction logic trees syllogisms operators not and or/xor implies programming control flow if jumps loops recursion functions variables data types pointers/references similar to pronouns from grammar lists trees layers of abstraction thinking handling bias integrity not trusting yourself written policies transparency engaging with public criticism not judging by social status introspection research web searches academic papers books video/audio high speed playback detail oriented automatization relevance brainstorming & criticism automatization exploration practice objectively judging correctness incremental progress not being overwhelmed by errors mastery subconscious, intuitive, easy frees attention for higher level learning habits introspection non-judgmental mindfulness meditation freewriting/journalling general education computer literacy finding, installing and learning to use new apps fast touch typing science rejecting magic, superstition economics history goals focus resource budgeting scheduling buffers decision making planning epistemology knowledge purpose problem solving goals brainstorming/creativity creating (new knowledge) learning (existing knowledge) criticism evaluating ideas explanation of idea arguments positive & negative arguments errors relative to goal & context rejecting justification burden of proof conclusive & inconclusive (partial) arguments success/failure breakpoints qualitative vs. quantitative rejecting credences (degree of goodness) multiple factors in different dimensions dimension conversion evidence rejecting induction expertise debates with yourself with others fallibilism error correction digital vs. analog excess capacity key factors focus automatizing dealing with non-key factors limiting factors/bottlenecks/constraints variance buffers balanced plants organization reusing ideas information theory computation physics evolution replication (brainstorming) variation (brainstorming) selection (criticism) genes memes gradualism rationality science logic other philosophy moral political metaphysics aesthetics social status we live in two worlds (physical/rational & social) hierarchies social climbing zero sum alternative to using your own rational judgment second-handedness power structures social rules/dynamics schools of thought Critical Rationalism (Karl Popper) fallibilism error correction evolution rejecting justification rejecting induction reason science observations are interpreted conjectures & refutations objective knowledge Objectivism (Ayn Rand) automatization/practice/mastery epistemology objectivity/rationality/bias contextual knowledge conceptual hierarchy integration morality integrity social dynamics second-handedness politics aesthetics Theory of Constraints (Eli Goldratt) focus goals inherent simplicity constraints excess capacity variance buffers tree diagrams business management Elliot Temple May 2022